Piptatherum denaense is described as a new species from south west of Iran, Dena Mountain. It is close to P. laterale but differs from it by having glabrous lemma in lower half and toward the apex, narrower vegetative shoots and unbearded anthers. Piptatherum holciforme subsp. holciforme var. glabrum is not accepted as a distinct variety. Piptatherum sphacelatum formerly known as a synonym of P. molinioides is established as a separate species due to having distinct morphological characters as well as molecular differences based on literature. Thus, the number of taxa in the genus Piptatherum changes to 9 species, 2 subspecies and 4 varieties in Iran. An identification key to Piptatherum taxa occuring in Iran is provided. The distribution map of P. denaense with P. laterale subsp. laterale and the illustration of the new species are included.

Two new species, Lactuca birjandica and L. gilanica (Asteraceae) are described. In addition, a new record, Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. & Huet. is reported for Iran. Furthermore an interesting collection of Lactuca muralis L. from Gilan Forest in Iran is discussed for the first time. Taxonomic characters and illustrations are given for all species.

Onobrychis sanandajensis is described as a new species from W. Iran. This taxon belongs to sect. Onobrychis. The new species differs from O. megataphros, O. shahpurensis and O. neychalanensis by the number of pairs, shape and size of leaflets; calyx size; corolla size and features of pod. The description of the new taxon along with the illustrations are given. An identification key comparing the new species with the closest species is presented.

The research was conducted in Ustyurt that is one of the arid zones of Central Asia (Uzbekistan). The method of the research was rout-floristic and classical of morphologic-geographical studies. Two new records including Astragalus vulpinus Willd. & Centaurea apiculata Ledeb. are reported for the flora of Ustyurt. These specimens were collected by the author have been entered in the database for the flora of the Ustyurt in TASH.

The genus Elymus has been studied to prepare the draft of Elymus for the Flora of Iran. In this research, the plant specimens of Central Herbarium of Iran (TARI) were identified and a new key of the Iranian species of the genus Elymus is presented. Delimitation of the genus is discussed. Among the specimens, a new species from Zagros Mountain ranges was recognized which is described and illustrated as E. shirazicus. The new species is well characterized among the Iranian species of the genus by caespitose habit, having densely imbricate spikelets with none or short awns. Elymus shirazicus seems to be related to E. transhyrcanus but well distinguished by narrower spikes and much shorter rachis internodes. Elymus dorudicus based on E. nodosus subsp. dorudicus is introduced as a new combination. Elymus lazicus subsp. iranicus is described as a new subspecies.

Nepeta wuana H. J. Dong, C. L. Xiang & Z. Jamzad, (Lamiaceae), a new species found in Shanxi Province, China, is described and illustrated. The closest relative of the new species is the Chinese endemic N. sungpanensis C. Y. Wu but it clearly differs from it in the prolonged middle lobe of the lower corolla lip, as well as the much larger leaves, and sharper calyx lobes. Microfeatures of leaf epidermis, pollen grains, and nutlets of the new species are also explained.

Campanula kurdistanica is described as a new species. It has been collected from Kurdistan province on north to north-west slopes of Shahoo Mountain on shady cliffs and rocks crevices. Campanula kurdistanica differs from its relative species in Iran mainly by deeply divided lobes of corolla about ¾ of its length. It is illustrated and differences from its relatives are discussed.

Encyclopedia of new religious movements edited by Peter B. Clarke provides a truly engaging and authentic view of the emerging religious movements on a background of the universe. This encyclopedia, containing 428 articles from leading academics, studies the remarkable examples of religious movements emerging in each continent. Clarke as an editor has written a higher income as "New Religions as a global phenomenon", a "Resource guide of NRM" and a useful article entitled "Typology of new religions" in this encyclopedia. This encyclopedia is a leading, research, updating, important, and valuable reference for academic libraries. However, the encyclopedia suffers from some disadvantages, among which we can refer to apparent contradictions in Index, the incidence of historical errors, print, etc., in its context and putting NRM identified with the Cults, sects, and counter-culture groups

The present study is focused on the species belonging to the genus Maiestas Distant, 1917 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae, Deltocephalini) in Iran, based on some specimens collected during 2016 to 2019 from Southeast Iran and species that have been previously reported: M. horvathi (Then, 1896), M. pruthii (Metcalf, 1967), M. schmidtgeni (Wagner, 1939), and M. trifasciata (Lindberg, 1954). M. pruthii, previously known from the Oriental region (India and Pakistan), is recorded for the first time in the Palaearctic region from Southeast Iran and M. horvathi is a new record for the fauna of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. An identification key and distribution maps for the Iranian Maiestas species are provided.